Ficamos ainda mais pobres

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Ficamos ainda mais pobres

06/10/2015

Se para os economistas, a tempestade que varre o Brasil estava perfeita, ao combinar recessão, inflação e câmbio desembestado, para os tributaristas só agora a coisa chega ao estado da arte, com a mistura dos itens anteriores mais o aumento de carga tributária. Em outras palavras, já estávamos mais pobres por obra da crise e agora ficamos ainda mais, por obra do Fisco. Só não estamos é surpresos, porque esse receituário, mais uma das nossas heranças ibéricas, aqui se aportou com os colonizadores.

Portanto, não carregamos um fardo de país rico, sem o sermos, por conta do acaso. O Estado brasileiro sempre engendrou formas de se reposicionar na disputa pelo bolo, ficando com uma fatia cada vez maior, invariavelmente em momentos de crise. Agora não seria diferente.

Enquanto o governo federal, por conta das próprias fragilidades ainda não concluiu sua obra, em Goiás o pacote tributário foi concluído em pouquíssimo tempo. Avançou sobre a gasolina, os veículos e as heranças. Coisa de R$ 167 milhões ao ano, a partir de 2016, ou quase meio bilhão de reais nos próximos três anos.

É claro que o governo tem justificativas para isso: queda acentuada na receita, despesas engessadas pela legislação e aumento da demanda dos cidadãos por serviços públicos. O problema é que a riqueza encurtou pra todos.

O empobrecimento mais visível é o dos herdeiros, porque o Estado dobrou o ITCD, o imposto sobre heranças e doações, de 4% para 8%. É bem verdade que fez um pequeno arranjo, reduzindo pela metade o imposto dos pequenos patrimônios (até R$ 200 mil). Mas acima de R$ 600 mil paga-se alíquota máxima.

Ora, qualquer pai de família que lega aos seus herdeiros uma casa razoável já ultrapassa essa faixa, que não dá para ser classificada de grande herança. O pior é que isso tem cheiro de confisco. Mordendo 8% por transmissão, em poucas gerações, a Fazenda terá se apropriado do patrimônio. E a utilização de tributos para suprimir o patrimônio do cidadão é uma das práticas vedadas pela Constituição.

No caso da gasolina, a elevação foi de um ponto percentual, de 27 para 28%, mas não nos deixemos iludir pelos números. Na prática, a carga tributária subiu 3,7%. Considere isso na próxima vez que for encher o tanque.

Quanto aos veículos, o proprietário daquele carrinho velho, com mais de 10 anos de uso, que passaria a ser isento do IPVA, vai ter de esperar mais 5 anos. Os donos de motocicletas, têm o imposto majorado em meio ponto percentual, para 3% ao ano. Na incômoda matemática da elevação efetiva da carga, o sujeito vai pagar 20% a mais desse imposto.

A justificativa oficial: carro velho e moto contribuem para aumentar os índices de poluição e acidentes, pressionando os gastos públicos. Faz sentido, mas a medida chega num momento em que o desemprego está atingindo preferencialmente o usuário destes veículos.

Poderia ser pior ainda, considerando que chegou-se a cogitar aumento geral da alíquota de ICMS, atingindo a grande maioria dos produtos que consumimos. A proposta já foi concretizada em vários Estados. E pode um dia ser melhor? Sim, desde que passada a crise e retomado o crescimento, continuemos nos lembrando dos “tarifaços” e exigindo do poder público que, aproveitando a bonança, reduza a fatia que nos toma em forma de tributo.

Tem também aquele desgastado chavão muito comum nos discursos dos políticos, chamado “eficiência na gestão pública”. A capa de uma das edições do POPULAR na semana passada é bem simbólica. Enquanto a manchete destaca o aumento de imposto, pelos deputados, a segunda chamada nos informa que a polícia está no encalço dos servidores fantasma da Assembleia Legislativa. Tomara que a polícia tenha sucesso.

Sidnei C. Pimentel é advogado tributarista, formado em Comunicação pela UFG, Direito pela PUG-Goiás e MBA em Finanças e Controladoria pela FGV.

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